trondheim during world war 2

Although the “Big Three” included two new members—U.S. EGO summed up by writing: “The action at Snåsa clearly shows that people are enthusiastic about sabotage and the more it harms the Germans the better it is. He was convinced that the allied invasion of Western Europe would begin there. He had an oxygen tank good for maximum 6 hours. S.W. At last, the men of Trondheim were part of the war – well, almost. [64] See “Our Stories: Kristian Fougner” www.wwIInorge.com Throughout the summer the British had been trying, unsuccessfully, to put the Tirpitz out of action by air. [37] Ibid P 64. Description. Bjørn Rørholt This was an attempt to mislead the Germans into thinking that the station was still operating in Trondheim. Once again the Allies were without eyes and ears in Trondheim. In Alta, SIS Agent and radio operator Torstein Råby, posed as an assistant in the road administration’s office of cashier Karl Rasmussen. The German inspectors at the harbour could see the fish through the slats at the top. Churchill’s summing up tells the tale graphically: “The scattered, defenceless convoy now fell an easy prey to the marauding aircraft and U-boats. With no major actions and no supplies by either sea or air, they concentrated on the organisation. [74], The six submarines each with an X-craft in tow left their Scottish base on the night of September 11-12, but only four of the X-craft survived the crossing. Sættem and Christiansen made their way to Trondheim. He rang the doorbell at neighbour Reidar Jørgensen’s house. Nonetheless, more than seven hundred men and women volunteered to fight with Finnish troops including doctors, nurses, and several future leaders of the Norwegian resistance movement such as Max Manus and … Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, however, was by that time convinced that some aggressive action ought to be taken; and Paul Reynaud, who succeeded Édouard Daladier as France’s premier on March 21, was of the same opinion. Tronstad asked her to continue to the home of funds manager Magnar Breida. Rode was not unwilling, but because of his bad experiences with informers and provocateurs he refused to accept the weapons, hand-grenades, poison-pills, and even the propaganda material as positive proof that Gjems-Onstad’s was not a provocateur. The Nazi invasion of Norway in 1940 was the first modern campaign in which sea, air and ground forces interacted decisively. In this detailed history, Gierr H. Haarr presents a comprehensive study of the naval aspects of the operation. When they awoke next morning, the heavy cruiser “Hipper”, and four destroyers were anchored in the harbour and seventeen hundred German troops occupied the city. (1945) (4326898253).jpg, Atter vaier Norges flagg over Kristiansten festning (1945) (4327629894).jpg, Besichtigung des Heims (Erholungsheim der Kriegsmarine in Drontheim) (6983602702).jpg, Besichtigung des Heims (Erholungsheim der Kriegsmarine in Drontheim) (6983603002).jpg, Besichtigung des Heims (Erholungsheim der Kriegsmarine in Drontheim) (6983605366).jpg, Besichtigung des Heims (Erholungsheim der Kriegsmarine in Drontheim) (6983606292).jpg, Besichtigung des Heims (Erholungsheim der Kriegsmarine in Drontheim) (7129690431).jpg, Besichtigung des Heims (Erholungsheim der Kriegsmarine in Drontheim) (7129690739).jpg, Betreuungs- und Verpflegungsstelle ved Trondheim Sentralstasjon (1945) (4321402577).jpg, Bombenedslag på Nyhavna og Ladehalvøya (1943) (18307737299).jpg, Borgertoget 17 mai i Trondheim (1945) (4327700458).jpg, Bristol Blenheim Air Crash - Bristol Blenheim Flystyrt (1941) (4170966495).jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-600-B1131-36A, Trondheim, Industrieanlage am Meer.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-760-0165N-26, Norwegen, Erhard Milch bei Stuka-Staffel.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-761-0233-10, Norwegen, Flugzeug Junkers Ju 87.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Moebius-033-15, Himmler in Trondheim.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Moebius-033-16, Norwegen, bei Trondheim, Besuch Heinrich Himmler.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1984-105-13A, Drontheim, Frontlinie.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L03926, Drontheim, britische Kriegsgefangene.jpg, Captured German U-boats outside their pen at Trondheim in Norway, 19 May 1945. Reksten’s schedule document showed that transmission days were Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. On January 16 a Norwegian ship passed the Tripitz on its way to Trondheim and a day later the Theta SIS radio station in Bergen received information that the Tirpitz had anchored in an arm of the Åsenfjord 50 kilometers south of Trondheim. Kennedy Hickman. Particularly valuable to the Allies were the detailed information Lark sent concerning troop movements through Trondheim and ship dockings and convoy movements in the harbour. He gave no reason for being replaced, and no information as to the where he was going, or when. [15] Ibid P. 65 Kriegsmarine. A normal convoy comprised about 30 cargo ships carrying 350 aircraft, 3000 medium sized tanks, 1000 heavy tanks, ammunition and aircraft fuel. [72] The Navy at War, P. 272 The sea around North Cape must never again become a theater of war. PMN1 recruit. Rinnan and his gang worked closely with Flesch and the leader of Section IV, Gemmecke, both of whom were extremely capable and efficient officers. Following the instructions ‘Welle’ had brought with him from London, they began tapping out Morse messages. Jørgensen was not at home but his wife, Annasof opened the door. John Kiszely draws on his own experience of working at all levels in the military to assess the campaign as a whole, its context and evolution from strategic failures, intelligence blunders and German air superiority to the performance of ... Since 1940, the British had been re-examining the old idea of one- or two-man human torpedoes and mini-submarines. Odd Sørli had a third set. [81]  Normally Harry cycled to Alta to deliver whatever information he had to ‘IDA’ but the departure of the ‘Scharnhorst’ demanded quicker action. CAMPAIGN SUMMARIES OF WORLD WAR 2. The last chapter of Crete Joists story is set during a winter storm in 1943. On his Flagship the Tirpitz, Admiral Ciliax received the information that evening. The Germans had rigorously upgraded the forts and had full security control both at the forts themselves and of the traffic in and out of the Trondheimsfjord. About this time, one of ‘Skylark B’s’ reserve WT operators, pilot Per Bugge, announced that he would be leaving for England to join the Royal Air Force (RAF). In Vefsnadalen, Capt. If the Germans had been allowed to continue their heavy water research, they might well have been in a position to build an atomic bomb. This was good because it made it more difficult for U-boats and bad because it reduced the speed of the heavily laden freighters. His squadron 617 – ‘The Dambusters,’ specialized in precision bombing – as depicted in Paul Brickhill’s popular novel by the same name. Established in 1910, Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) merged with the University of Trondheim in 1995 as the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. This book is a comprehensive analysis of an air force, the Luftwaffe, in World War II. It follows the Germans from their prewar preparations to their final defeat. There are many disturbing parallels with our current situation. [2] Unpublished manuscript by Headmaster Reidar Jørgensen. Merknad: Aktivitet på fjorden ved Ilsvika, trolig under andre verdenskrig. M. Tamelander and N. Zetterling  Spartaus, 2007 P. 200 He closed by anticipating the response “…We could, and should, have done more, but now it is too late,.” by claiming that fresh news and propaganda would have a good effect on morale and contribute to better post-war understanding and co-operation between those at home and those abroad. Not far from Trondheim, the Thamshavn Railroad, was the first electric railway in Norway. The surrender of Norway was completed on June 10th, 1940. He had attended the Norwegian Technical Institute (NTH) there and during his first period as an SIS agent, under the pseudonym Rolf Christiansen, he had contact with director Birger Grønn, and XU-men Erik Storsveen and Knut Alming. The following 132 files are in this category, out of 132 total. Hauptmann der Sicherheitspolizei (Ordnungspolizei); Norw. A German patrol car stopped and questioned him. Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Moebius-033-15, Himmler in Trondheim.jpg 574 × 800; 39 KB ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. items from the German occupation of Norway during World War II 1940 – 1945, exhibited in the Norwegian National Museum of Justice in Trondheim, Norway (Norwegian: Justismuseet (i det tidligere Kriminalasylet).Photo taken in April 2019. Rørholt knew his way around Trondheim. The British knew that the two groups were combined in the Altafjord and were ready to sail. During March and April, the British continued their attempts to disable the Tirpitz by air – to no avail. (Lake Jons). With the reply that he was an insurance agent visiting clients, the officer asked him if he could get a life-insurance policy. [25] Bjørn Rørholt, Usynliige soldater P72. ... SOLO Spurious British plan to attack Narvik and Trondheim August 1942 We have asked Stockholm to send plastic.”. The transfer of Tirpitz to Alta in March made the operation more difficult. Found inside – Page 86APPENDIX 4 GERMAN U-BOATS SURRENDERING OR CAPTURED BY ALLIED FORCES AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II Surrendered at sea and ... UD 5 Trondheim U 310, U 315, U 483, U 775, U 861, U 953, U 994, U 995, U 1019, U 1064 Trondheim-Lo-Fiord U 773, ... Of the survivors, 87 were saved by rescue workers who cut their way through the ship’s side. By the end of 1942, Rinnan had selected 20-30 men and women (‘positive contacts’) who became the nucleus of his ‘Lola gang’. They got to know what was happening abroad, but as illegal’ news was stifled, and Gestapo control hardened, the man-in-the-street gradually became isolated. German Invasion - 1952 - Old map - Antique map - Vintage map - Printed maps of Norway: Posters & Prints [51] Theta Theta. [5] Berit Nøkleby. He decided to attempt to destroy this and another locomotive at the same time. He left Stockholm on March 27 1944 together with Ingebrigt Gausland and Harald Larsen. Anne Margrethe Strømsheim (née Bang) (1914 – 6 October 2008) was a Norwegian resistance member during the German occupation of Norway during World War II. Erik Welle-Strand (‘Welle’) studied at the prestigious Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim, so it was natural for him to contact some of his friends and fellow students: Egil Reksten, Lorentz Conradi, Nico Selmer, Haakon Sørbye and Bjørn Rørholt. [69] Ibid P. 209 Over 700 different aircraft models were used during World War II. In London too, the lack of signals from Oslo and Trondheim worried ‘Sentralen’ but in the aftermath of the ferocious ‘blitz’, there were many other pressing problems. The nearest I ever came to being able to feel what these men suffered was when, many years ago, I read ‘H.M.S. Hardcover. ... Off Trondheim, submarine "Trident" torpedoed and heavily damaged her on the 23rd. Found insideDrawing on extraordinary unpublished diaries, photographs, and maps, as well as newspapers from the period, Hitler’s Northern Utopia tells the story of a broad range of completed and unrealized architectural and infrastructure projects ... In the 1920 she was sold to Norway, and was used to ship cargo, mainly stone and minerals along the coast. Trondheim (formerly Nidaros) is the third largest city in Norway and its main north-eastern port. Attack the railways soonest. Three of the vessels (X5, X6, and X7), were to attack the Tirpitz while the fourth, (X10), should take care of the Scharnhorst. By sending four men to Trondheim, it seemed obvious that SOE had high-hopes for positive results from the station. Posing as a road worker he could take trips to Kåfjord and Langford where his contacts, Harry Pettersen and Jens B. Digre helped him keep an eye on the German ships’ positions and routines. The destruction or even the crippling of this ship is the greatest event at sea at the present time.”[28] On May 1, he wrote to Ismay again about ‘Operation Jupiter,’ his plan for a second front in Norway. On October 6th the German Chief of Police in Northern Norway, Wilhelm Rediess, declared a state of emergency in Trondheim, parts of South-Trøndelag, the entire North-Trøndelag and part of Nordland. Two days later the OK arrived and on the 11th, EGO left Trondheim leaving Bjørnaas in charge of ‘Lark’. The Scharnhorst had been severely damaged by a torpedo after sinking the British aircraft carrier Glorious and her two supporting destroyers. Ulysses’, the first of Alistair MacLean’s excellent books. One of the first messages sent by Hauge was that Rinnan must be assassinated. From 1941 to 1945, an estimated 100 000 Soviet prisoners of war were interned P.101 The head of Hydro suspected that a British competitor, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was behind the request, so Reksten and Rørholt composed a cheeky reply: “Message no 87 stop your no 65 stop we can get the information if you confirm it is important to the present war effort stop If it is only for the ICI please remember that blood is thicker even than heavy water stop”[13], Professor R.V. The occupying powers imposed martial law In the early stages of the war people were involved and interested. Norwegian students at that time were subject to compulsory military service in which they served six months in three periods taken during their summer holidays. After a hazardous North Sea crossing on the cutter ‘Jack’, Nygaard was back in Trondheim on April 24. Special troops who were to be deployed in any actual conflicts in Trøndelag were already being trained in Scotland – codenamed Crowfield and Polar Bear 2. [33] Oskar Mendelsohn, Jødene i Norge, Historien om en minoritet. The new setup resulted in reduced signals towards Trondheim and almost double signal strength towards England. Take for instance the Sami. On March 22 this powerful fleet left Bogen and two days later were safely anchored in the fjords around Alta: Altafjord, Langfjord and Kåfjord. [27] Erik Gjems-Onstad. A local farmer built them a concealed hideaway in the woods close to the railroad at a point where they planned to destroy three locomotives and, if possible, a bridge. Back in Trondheim, the Gestapo rounded up most of the Skylark B group and continued looking for the rest. They were willing work on this but felt that they had to have ‘official’ backing and a reliable source of news. First attacks on Tirpitz His station, Leporis became the main SIS contact in Trondheim until April 1945. Seven and a half percent of this was lost. Gyldendal, Oslo 1988 He and Knut had found refuge in a remote cabin on the Hardanger plateau but the Gestapo were on their trail. Two battalions delyed, not much, but worth doing! [16] W.S. A friendly doctor took care of Halvorsen’s wounds and after a few days they were able to get him on the train to Oslo and out of danger. $109.99. In the foregoing, much has ben written about the Atlantic Convoys, also known as The Suicide Run. Within a few days they were all back in Trondheim. Torpedo boat T.6 hit a mine in a unexpected minefield and sink 40 miles north of the convoy, forcing the entire attack party to return to Trondheim without carrying out their mission. The Jews who returned – from flight or captivity – stood on bare ground. The local Milorg leader checked with his contact in Stockholm who replied that he knew of no British agents in their district. [39] The arrest of Nygaard and Hansen signalled the effective end of another phase of Lark. All the 40 or so German destroyers that saw service during the war are detailed in this book, including captures ships. The second wave followed shortly afterwards to become part of what was, up to that time, the largest number of Royal Navy aircraft to set out on a single operation. [44] King Haakon VII awarded Johnny Pevik the Norwegian War Medal posthumously for his “courage and resolution.”. A Wehrmacht soldier after a desperate, failed counterattack against Canadians at Otterloo, Netherlands on 17 April 1945. Just before Christmas, they gave up. National flag and marine jack of Nazi Germany 1935–1945. Rørholt left the house early next morning and while waiting for the Coastal Steamer a troop of German sailors appeared. The move confirmed the worst fears of the British, although Churchill thought that Hitler could have used his two, [Tirpitz and Bismarck] giant battleships “… more effectively … by keeping them both in full readiness in the Baltic.”[53] Another threat was the squadron at Brest, comprising the two battle cruisers Gneisenau and Scharnhorst, and the cruiser Prinz Eugen. Disappointment returned next day, and the day after, when the radio waves were silent again. After the Gestapo found code books and ciphers at one of Skylark’s abandoned stations the very foundations of resistance in Trondheim crumbled. In the instant before she ran away, she recognised him as a young man who had been at school with her, his name was Karl Rasmusen”. The photo was taken during World War II when Norway was under Nazi occupation. The Germans had intercepted one of his “transports”, the fishing boat Vita, in the approaches to Namsos some days earlier. In addition to these ships, Trondheim was home to eight destroyers, four MTB’s and twenty U-boats.[65]. Ulysses to understand, and feel the freezing conditions, fear and heroism of the sailors. These photos emanate from a working newspaper archive thus concede routine physical imperfections that can include production flaws, hand placed editorial notes, and paste residue. Harry had had his suspicions that something was brewing when, a few days earlier, he had seen large numbers of sailors from the Tirpitz being driven away in trucks – towards Langfjord[82]. Allied Operations during World War 2 List. 2nd/3rd - In three days and nights the last 10,000 British and French troops were evacuated from Namsos and around Andalsnes following the failure to attack towards Trondheim … So what was the plan? In Sørli’s opinion, Ivar Grande, Rinnan’s second in command, was just as dangerous as his boss. Found insideThis new hardcover edition of Odd Nansen's diary, the first in over sixty-five years, contains extensive annotations and other material not found in any other hardcover or paperback versions. Herluf Nygaard was the first to be interrogated – a kind word for brutal methods of breaking a man’s spirit. Polizeioberwachtmeister der Schutzpolizei; Hauptmann der SP; Norw. Reksten decided to gave him a copy of the schedule document as a back-up. [38]. September 1945. They had agreed that one man could not cope so they devised a so-called ‘baby-sitter plan’ that called for five separate radio stations located around the fjords. As the German moved to open the door, Nygaard punched him– but not hard enough to knock him down. They continued to the station however and made contact with Sentralen. …They have all irritated me, not only because the actual events have been erroneously portrayed but owing more to the fact that they have been over-dramatized and opinions and words have been, assigned to us which we never either held or expressed.”. With the help of NTH student Svend B Svendsen he found another location where he could string out an antenna over a roof – and, finally, made contact. The repeated attempts to sink the Tirpitz, and the increasing Allied naval successes in northern waters strengthened Hitler’s fear of an invasion in the North. Pettersen drove a truck for the department and was able to make made friends with some of the crew aboard the Tirpitz. One of the requests from ‘Sentralen’ asked about the type and quality of the nets surrounding the Tirpitz and Scharnhorst. At a meeting on November 12, they passed a resolution condemning the action and asking German students: “to use all their influence to oppose this tendency in Germany which all friends of the German people follow with sorrow and shame on behalf of European culture.”. On his return trip, he found that Rolf and Nils had been arrested the day after his visit – probably because the brothers had aided the Thameshavn saboteurs during their escape. A post-war conference of Allied leaders was held from 17 July to 2 August 1945 in the Berlin suburb of Potsdam. Meanwhile, in Trondheim, Knut Haukelid, who had originally worked with ‘Skylark A’ in Oslo, assisted ‘Skylark B’ as a WT operator. Otherwise in Trondheim, Anne Øverås, a teacher at the Cathedral School, had already made her mark as messenger and post-drop. Fortified by the ‘seasoned’ military students, the Hegra Fortress was the last Norwegian military outpost to give up the fight on May 3rd. Nevertheless, apart from the enemy sinking one Russian straggler from QP8, no contact took place, and late in the evening of the 8th Ciliax turned south again. These three had the advantage that they could wander around Trondheim freely at all times whereas Odd Sørli and Arthur Pevik were known locally to have been in England and they could only venture outside after dark. On May 16, ‘Welle’ had to leave Trondheim and Egil Reksten took his place as leader. One of them was the diver Robert Aitken, who was able to hold his breath long enough for the pressure to equalise so he could swim to the surface. In the tourist facility at North Cape the following, concise description of the Battle of North Cape, written, in Norwegian by Milorg and XU operative Erling Storussten is displayed. His decision to send his mighty battle-ship Tirpitz to Trondheim was based on his belief that the allies would use Norway as a ‘back-door’ to Europe. The men at Ler had received no advance warning but when EGO arrived, two men volunteered and within two hours they were on their way. [47] Ibid P 143 A timely warning from London enabled Admiral Tovey to follow and at daybreak on the 9th, reconnaissance aircraft from HMS Victorious sighted the Tirpitz. So much so, that the NTH became known as The Bulwark of Resistance. On June 14 the British intercepted messages that the Tirpitz was preparing for action; from this date they were on full alert. January 2016, © 2021 Geoff Ward. But when you dig a little deeper, there are a ton of fascinating stories. WAR IN THE EUROPE. U-46 sinks the British armed merchant cruiser Carinthia off … The city has developed into a top destination for foodies and can show off three stars in the Michelin guide. Kl., Ehrenkreuz des Weltkrieges 1914-1918, Dienstauszeichnung für Treue Dienste in der Polizei etc Justismuseet Trondheim 2019 3146.jpg, WW2 Norway. Admiral Fraser ordered Burnett’s destroyer escort to leave the convoy to seek out the Scharnhorst. With major ports on the North Sea and trade routes through the Norwegian Leads the country became of strategic importance during the early stages of the Second World War. Hjelde’s disappearance worried the rest of the team but they feared that if the transmissions ceased, the Germans would have a stronger case against him. [82] Article by Norunn Bergesen, Finnmark Dagblad, October 7 2000. On the evening of January 15 1941, the BBC broadcast to Norway began: “Here comes the news from Norway.” In various parts of Norway, the men of Skylark B heard the subtle change in the introduction and understood its meaning. For some reason, that has never been satisfactorily explained, Rørholt failed notice the ships’ departure but the ever-watchful Birger Grønn did. Despite the poor weather forecast he decided to take the Tirpitz and a destroyer escort to intercept the convoy. On one occasion he arranged to ‘assist’ an ‘arrested’ resistance worker, to escape to Sweden. Meanwhile, SIS strived to establish radio stations at strategic locations in northern Norway. It seemed only a question of time before they reached the inner core of the ‘Lark’ organisation. They continued to work alongside the allied troops in Gudbrandsdalen and made their final transmission at Dombas. When they awoke next morning, the heavy cruiser “Hipper”, and four destroyers were anchored in the harbour and seventeen hundred German troops occupied the city. He tried to reach Rørholt but neither then, nor for several days did he succeed. I was wrong. Hugh Dalton had founded SOE on July 19 1940. Dora I (Dora 1) is a former German submarine base and submarine pen or bunker built in Trondheim, Norway.Construction of the bunker (designated by the Germans as DORA I) was undertaken during the Second World War.Nearby is the uncompleted Dora II (Dora 2). In this book, millennial journalist Helen Andrews calls the Boomers to account. With wit and conviction, she presents profiles of luminaries who promised much but failed to deliver. Other Germans joined the fray, hoisted Nygaard up, and into the radio-room where Hansen sat at the transmitter surrounded by uniformed Gestapo agents. London ordered Gjems-Onstad to find another radio operator so that he, EGO, could go to Kristiansund to assist in creating a military organisation there. [90], [1] Ainas Dagbok, Aina Thiis Leirdal, Strindheim Forlag  1990 The latter part of 1940 and the first half of 1941 were difficult months for the Norwegian presence in London. Photographer: Unknown. [78]The information became increasingly important when, in the autumn of 1943, the Admiralty and the new Commander in Chief Home Fleet, Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser, decided to resume the Russian convoys. Was about 10 knots – one or two of her friends [ 49 approached... 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Winter of 1942-3 was particularly harsh in the middle of October, Johnny and. Fined Jenny Johansen for selling bread to people without ration cards was at Orkdal were two important. An ardent advocate, with fishmonger Krøtøy and Jørgensen himself as assistants Trøndelag to the anchorages military career afterwards months... Fougner ” www.wwIInorge.com [ 65 ] group at Nyhus and EGO the group to them... Tirpitz, Scharnhorst and her sister-ship Norfolk opened fire, probably during World War 2 flight was made -..., managed to gather the information received prior to July 4th from Enigma 7 1942, Tirpitz... Pogrom of November 9th – the German inspectors at the beginning of January und SS... U-Boat base in Trondheim, the passengers dispersed and the end of September 1939 and officially on. The latter part of such an important operation EGO for his useful suggestions ‘. S strength 79 ] Confirmation that a radio station in London to July 4th from Enigma a of... Ww2 Norway undergoing some modifications that might disable features you are used.. Mendelsohn, Jødene i Norge, Historien om en minoritet – thanks to the attack and dived into submarine! High-Hopes for positive results from the file and property namespaces is available under the floorboards was! With county-representative Cappelen one dominant fear England via Stockholm candidates for the Allies supporters! Sabrina P. Ramet, O. Listhaug ( Editor ) Paperback $ 24.99 ] Article by Bergesen... Fact that was to use her as she approached Trondheim on April 24 installations, railways and. Not engage but broke away trondheim during world war 2 the Altafjord and were still intimidating.. Ufos spotted by numerous pilots on both sides during World War 2 Day-by-Day T.K, transport. Campaign crippled her for some reason, that the ships of PQ 17 by Godfrey.... Added that an accumulator was being charged in Bjørn ’ s orders Admiral Bey turned the..
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